Five studies were deemed high-quality with one being low-quality.
Six studies were found to fulfil inclusion criteria. Means and standard deviations were extracted from each study to calculate effect sizes and compare results. Two authors independently assessed papers for inclusion and then quality, determined using a modified Downs and Black Checklist. An updated search was performed in May 2017, adding a further study. Ovid, Wiley, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched in August 2016 for cross-sectional studies that compared EMG activity of neck, shoulder and spinal musculature between musicians with musculoskeletal pain and asymptomatic comparisons.
The aim of this study was to explore, compare and synthesise evidence on electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity in neck, shoulder and spinal musculature between painful and asymptomatic instrumental musicians.
Musicians report a high prevalence of annual musculoskeletal pain (86-89%), attributed to prolonged playing times consisting of repetitive static and dynamic muscle activity.
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